解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields will induce electric fields and currents within the body, but these are almost always much lower than those that can stimulate peripheral nerve tissue. Guidance on exposure to such fields has been published by NRPB and ICNIRP, which is based on the avoid...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200209000-00006
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We collected bricks from buildings in the heavily contaminated evacuated area of Belarus in a 30-km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power station and the Gomel-Bryansk area of 150-250 km from Chernobyl and estimated the cumulative radiation dose caused by the reactor accident by measuring the thermoluminescence (TL)...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200208000-00007
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model of the process of collecting and analyzing a grab sample of radon decay products in air can be useful for a number ofpurposes. Among them is predicting the observed counts of alpha particles and/or beta particles (1) under various conditions of radon decay product equilibrium; (2) for various samp...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200208001-00014
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::On 30 September 1999, three workers were severely exposed to neutrons and gamma rays in a criticality accident that occurred at a uranium conversion facility in Tokai-mura, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Radiochemical analyses of 32P and 45Ca induced by neutrons in bone matrix were carried out after the deaths of two of t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200207000-00002
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The terrestrial gamma radiation level was determined throughout the Sultanate of Oman over a 3-y period. The dose rate at 1 m above the ground was measured at 512 locations using a compensated Geiger-Miller detector. The activity concentration of soil/rock samples, collected from 112 locations, was determined by gamma...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200206000-00016
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1980, the NCRP formed Scientific Committee 66 with an assignment to address the subject of "biological effects of ultrasound and exposure criteria." It was recognized that the primary source of exposure to ultrasound was through medical applications and, especially, through procedures employing diagnostic ultrasoun...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type:
doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00004
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nuclear weapons testing was conducted in the atmosphere at numerous sites worldwide between 1946 and 1980, which resulted in exposures to local populations as a consequence of fallout of radioactive debris. The nuclear tests were conducted by five nations (United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, France, and China...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00016
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological and evolutionary considerations suggest that radiation hormesis is made up of two underlying components. The first (a) is background radiation hormesis based upon the background exposure to which all organisms are subjected throughout evolutionary time. The second and much larger component (b) is stress-der...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200204000-00011
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::While much of the language used to express the concepts of radiation protection works effectively, there are many ill-chosen names and phrases and much jargon that permeate our professional speech and writing. From the oxymoron "internal exposure" to the "snarl word" "decay," there is much room for improvement. This e...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200203000-00010
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The radionuclide vector in the release plume from the destroyed unit 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was assessed. Emphasis was laid on radionuclides relevant for the internal dose, including those with short half-lives, and on the radionuclide vector in the 30-km zone where practically no data in air or foodst...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200202000-00002
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pantex Plant significantly revised its Radiological Control Manual to improve its usability, streamline plant procedures, and clarify conflicting guidance. This article overviews the process used to develop the new Radiological Control Manual. ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200202001-00007
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In nuclear accident consequence assessment, dose contributions from radionuclide deposition on the human body have in the past generally been either ignored or estimated on the basis of rather simple models. Recent experimental work has improved the state of knowledge of relevant processes and parameter ranges. The re...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200202000-00007
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sorption of tin ions on human teeth from water and other drinks has been studied by the radioactive tracer technique using the isotope 113Sn (T(1/2) = 115.1 d) as a tracer. The tooth holds a minimum amount of tin from coffee and a maximum amount is held from water and from tea with sugar. The same technique was al...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200201000-00014
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reconstructed meteorological data are often used in some form of long-term wind trajectory models for estimating the historical impacts of atmospheric emissions. Meteorological data for the straight-line Gaussian plume model are put into a joint frequency distribution, a three-dimensional array describing atmospheric ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200201000-00008
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The novel technique for measuring the water content in lungs based on the slowing down of fast neutrons has been improved making possible its clinical use on patients. This goal has been reached by performing computer simulations that closely mimic the experimental setup and by acquiring a new set of measurements obta...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200112000-00022
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fusion research conducted at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics requires large amounts of tritium and generates brief but very high, neutron fluxes. This raises a number of radiological concerns that have been satisfactorily addressed via a combination of engineering controls, training, and administrative control...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200111001-00016
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simultaneous detection of gross alpha and beta radioactivity was studied using gas proportional counting. This measurement is a part of a method mandated by US Environmental Protection Agency to screen for alpha and beta radioactivity in drinking water. Responses of a gas proportional detector to alpha and beta part...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200111000-00011
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A critical review of the literature on the biokinetics of inhaled mercury vapor was performed as part of an accident analysis for the Spallation Neutron Source to be built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It was concluded that current models for inhaled mercury vapor do not accurately describe the distribution or res...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200110000-00010
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::As in the past, the principle role of the scientist in the courtroom is to assist attorneys, judges, and jurors in understanding the complex scientific and technical issues before them. In the last decade, however, changes in the law and the increasing technical complexity of many disputes have introduced new factors ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200109000-00008
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper provides information on the effects of distance and attenuation in lead sheet and gypsum board of the 0.511 MeV photon produced by positron annihilation. Exposure rates are projected external to an adult injected with 185 MBq (5 mCi) of 18F in a fluorodeoxyglucose solution and for the same activity in a sma...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200108001-00012
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results of the aerosol sampling inside the Object Shelter at the Chornobyl nuclear reactor site are considered in the work. The results show a consistent and significant contribution of submicron fraction to the total aerosol activity. Different methods of interpretation of impactor data series are compared in order t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200108000-00005
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 8.39, "Release of Patients Administered Radioactive Materials," permits licensees to authorize the release of patients treated with 131I [(T 1/2)p = 8.04 d] if the total dose equivalent to another individual from the released individual is not likely to exceed 5 mil...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200107000-00004
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of silicon photodiodes for field radon measurements requires the utilization of measuring cells for protection against environmental electromagnetic fields. It is very important to study and optimize the impact of geometry conditions (dimensions of the measuring cell) on the photodiode detection efficiency tha...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200106000-00011
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cohort-based dose-response analyses can be biased if based on a comparison group that is not comparable to the exposed persons with respect to uncontrolled factors related to disease incidence or mortality. When data exist over a range of doses including the very low dose region, internal regression standardized analy...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200105000-00010
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Pakistan Research Reactor-I (PARR-I) is a swimming pool type research reactor originally designed and built for a thermal power of 5 MW using High Enriched Uranium (HEU) fuel. In 1990-1991 the reactor was redesigned, partially decommissioned and recommissioned to operate with Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) fuel at a t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200105001-00012
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considering that in 1899 neither biotechnology nor the electronic revolution were foreseen, some humility might be advisable when one looks into the crystal ball for the future role of radiation sources. In the past 50 years, nuclear medicine, nuclear weapons, and nuclear power have had a huge impact in the world. In ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200104000-00008
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::For decades, radiation protection philosophy and practice have been the domain of professionals trained in the physical and medical sciences. Radiation protection policy was formulated and implemented largely without consultation with or participation by other professional disciplines or the general public. Although, ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200104000-00020
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depleted uranium was first used on a large scale as a major component of munitions and armaments employed by the U.S. armed forces during the Gulf War in 1991. In response to concern that exposure to depleted uranium may have been a cause of health problems suffered by returning veterans of that war, an already existi...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200103000-00010
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The monetary value of the averted dose is a key element in the implementation of the optimization principle both in radiation praxis and intervention. The main concept of this principle is to select options so as to maintain exposures at a reasonable level. The feature of this concept is to look for the minimal total ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200102000-00004
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sometimes the results of measurements in radioactivity are reported as less than MDA. Over the years there have been articles informing the reader that it is incorrect to express the results of measurements as less than MDA. A very brief review of past comments on expressing the results of measurements precedes a disc...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This case report describes the medical follow-up of a 46-y-old (at the time of exposure) man who in 1971 accidentally exposed the fingers of his right hand to gamma-ray radiation from an iridium source that was used for nondestructive testing [estimated radiation dose: 26 Gy to 90 Gy (2,600 rad to 9,000 rad)]. No prom...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200101000-00012
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our analysis of data from the beagle project completed at the University of Utah has provided some comparisons that appear to be useful in testing the model proposed by Raabe of effective thresholds for induction of skeletal malignancy by bone-seeking radionuclides in beagles. Raabe's model predicted that cumulative s...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200012000-00019
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Medical University of South Carolina is currently participating in clinical trials of 131I radiolabeled Anti-B1 antibody for treatment of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Under current South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control regulatory guidelines,; these patients are required to be admitted to the hos...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200011001-00004
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cosmic rays make a significant, but not normally a dominant, contribution to the radiation dose of people all over the world. However, doses rise with altitude and the earth's magnetic field means that latitude also becomes important. Solar activity imposes a further, time dependent, variation. This article gives more...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200011000-00013
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key issues that have been raised at the meeting on Cosmic Radiation Doses to Air Crew and Astronauts are identified. The paper summarizes the radiation environment and radiation risks associated with exposures to both groups. Finally, the summary concludes that the risks do justify action. ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200011000-00023
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present a theoretical study of the complex relation between radon and its long-lived progeny implanted in glass surfaces. The well known (extended) Jacobi room model, which is normally used to describe radon and its progeny in a room, was transformed into a two-parameter model revealing a linear correlation between...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200010000-00006
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The (90)Sr and (137)Cs activities of soil, plant, and milk samples from the village of Dolon, located close to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in Kazakhstan, were determined. The areal deposition at the nine sampling sites is in the range of <500 to 6,100 Bq m(-2) and 300 to 7,900 Bq m-2 for (90)Sr and (137)Cs, re...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200009000-00005
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The natural radioactivity in some rock samples in Ikogosi-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria, has been measured using a very sensitive gamma spectroscopic system consisting of a 76 mm x 76 mm NaI(TI) scintillation detector system coupled to a versatile Canberra Series 10 plus multichannel analyzer. The average concentrations...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200008000-00013
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the volume reduction potential for incineration of radioactivity in low-level radioactive waste, an incineration experiment was performed at the Okayama University Radioisotope Center (OURIC). Solid low-level radioactive samples (LLRS) were prepared for 15 routinely used radionuclides (45Ca, 1251, 32p, 33...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200008001-00009
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Databases are being created that contain verified and updated dosimetry and worker history information for workers at the Mayak Production Association. Many workers had significant external and internal exposures, particularly during the early years (1948-1952) of operation. These dosimetric and worker history data ar...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200007000-00012
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00